You want a stack, like an editor's undo… - CS fundamentals and algorithms

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O(1) max stack

You want a stack, like an editor's undo stack, that returns the "current maximum" of the pushed values in O(1). First define the interface as a Swift protocol, then explain the implementation idea.

protocol MaxStack {
    associatedtype Element: Comparable
    mutating func push(_ x: Element)
    mutating func pop() -> Element?
    func peekMax() -> Element?
}

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